1920 - 1930 ERA

Sunday, March 8, 2009

1920-1930 Art

Holeproof Hosiery (1924) Phillips,C

1920-1930 Art

There were two art movements during this time:
- Surrealism Movement
o Began post World War I
o Used techniques of automatic drawing and painting
- Art Deco Movement
o Decorative art that affected architecture
o Originally began in Europe in the early 1920’s but caught on in the US in 1928
§ Used materials such as stainless steel, aluminum, and zebraskin
§ Used bold curves, sweeps, and zigzags
- Two famous American Artists
o Maxfield Parris § Helped shape the Golden Age of Illustration
§ In the 1920’s he turned away from illustration to do Androgynous Nudes
§ Used bright, luminous colors
o C. Coles Phillips
§ Did many covers for magazines and ads in the 1920’s

http://www.1920-30.com/art/
Image: http://www.americanartarchives.com/phillips,c.htm

Image: http://www.artpassions.net/cgi-bin/parrish.pl?../galleries/parrish/manapple.jpg

Saturday, March 7, 2009

Magazines of 1920-1930

The following is a list of Magazine titles that were available during 1920-1930. You will notice that some of the magazines were “born” during this time period. As you look through this list you will see what people were interested in to encourage the subject matter during this era.

1920-
Architectural Digest

1920-1930
Will Bradley typographic supervisor of all Hearst publications

1922
Veshch/Object/Gegenstand founded by El Lissitzky. Addressed idea of linear continuity.

1922-1963
Westvaco Inspirations for Printers

1922-
Better Homes & Gardens
Harvard Business Review
Reader's Digest

1923-
Architecture
Time

1923-1932
Kurt Schwitter's Merz. Design incorporated modernist elements; bold rules, sans serif type.

1924-1986
Saturday review

1925-
The New Yorker

1923
Pineles emigrates to the U.S.

1925-1938
AIZ (Arbeiter illustrierte Zeitung) Communist weekly established by Willi Muenzenberg

1928
Dr.Agha made chief assistant at German Vogue

1926
First printing of Bauhaus magazine
Alexander Liberman designs Vu

1927-
Current Science

1928
Vu( France)

1929
Agha emigrates to the U.S.

1929
Mise en Page

1929-1943
Agha art director of Conde Nast publications; Vogue, Vanity Fair and House & Garden

1929-
Business Week

1929
Harper's bazaar adds extra "a" to name

The following website was retrieved on http://design.rit.edu/timeline.html

The lady of the house was heavily influenced by the contents of the various magazines on the market during this era. One area that was influenced is the style of the interior and exterior of the family home. One of the ways the women found ideas about how to decorate or the type of home that was the popular culture of the time was from magazines. One such magazine was Homebuilding Magazine. An example of influence at this time was that the homes began to shade the dark wood interiors for bright colors and stream line details.

Literature: 1920 - 1920

Literature in 1920-1930 time periods

Literature has always been an important phase of history. Literature can bedefined as writing of a particular time frame or the work of the writing.What does the writing mean to you? It is extremely important to followthrough reading literature and finding possible ways to learn more aboutit. In the 1920-1930’s time period, the Harlem Renaissance was a period forAfrican Americans. This was a period where African Americans couldbroadcast their creativity. Many of us are award of Harlem; however, we arenot so sure about its creativity. During the 1920’s, African Americans werethe leaders of writing. Whether it was books, poetry, or even music, theliterature became a direct focus in the African-American community. As oftoday, many leaders and entertainers are free to write about anything theirheart desire because of leaders in the 1920’s who paved the way. Someleaders in the 1920’s included:1926-Langston Hughes-who wrote a poem about the struggle of life and how tosurvive during the struggle1928-Claude McKay-speaks about a positive African-American named JackBrown.In the 1930’s the Great Depression brought along many obstacles forAfrican-Americans. Even today, many of the same topics are discussed sincethe 1930’s. Wow, so amazing to know that we are living in the revolvingatmosphere of a time frame when we weren’t thought about. Poverty, nofreedom, and being treated disrespectfully are just a few of the manyexamples that African-Americans had to battle with. Again, in the 1930’sAfrican Americans began to write and distribute their literature. Writingwas a way to get the word across. Literature has always and will continueto be an important part of American’s history. Important leaders whodistributed their literature in the 1930’s included:Johnson, James Weldon. "Along This Way."Viking, 1933-This autobiographynarrates the social, political, and cultural adventures of James WeldonJohnson, a lawyer, poet, musical comedy composer, diplomatic official,author, editor, orator, and educatorHurston, Zora Neale. "Their Eyes Were Watching God." Lippincott, 1937-Thisbook should be read because it is perfectly written, entertaining and fullof emotion
References: http://www.geocities.com/afam_literature/30.htm

Tawanda Hopkins"Education starts NOW"

Friday, March 6, 2009

A Century of Radio

since there were no movies 1920-1930,they relied on the radio

A Century of Radio

1900-1910 - BIRTH

1. THE INVENTION OF THE WIRELESS TELEGRAPH: Guglielmo (Bill)
Marconi has ideas for an invention that will (a) replace the wired
telegraph, (b) help ensure the safety of ships at sea. Marconi sends, in
1900, his famous S (dit dit dit) in Morse code from England to Canada.
2. FROM WIRELESS TELEGRAPH TO WIRELESS TELEPHONE: Inventors like
Lee de Forest and Reginald Fessenden want to find a wireless substitute for
the wired telephone. The human voice could add a nuance to communication
not possible with the telegraph, but people like Marconi decry it, saying
it will not be private and others will be able to hear it.
3. THE FIRST BROADCAST: In 1906 at Brant Rock MA, Fessenden plays
his violin, sings a song, reads a bible verse or two into a wireless
telephone of his own invention. This is the first broadcast and it happens
Christmas Eve, 1906. It is a broadcast because it is designed for more than
one listener (not 2-way) it is pre-announced. His goal is to find financial
backers.
4. LEE DE FOREST: Probably the most important person in the
development of radio, de Forest does two important demonstrations of
wireless telephone; (1) in 1907 he equips the Navy fleet with his wireless
telephone, an arc transmitter, and plays phonograph records to shore
stations as the fleet comes into ports like San Francisco, and (2) in NYC
he broadcasts on several occasions well-known opera singers to an audience
of reporters. He wants to bring culture into homes.
5. CHARLES HERROLD: In San Jose, Herrold in April 1910 is quoted in
a notarized affidavit published in a national magazine, "we have given
wireless phonograph concerts to amateur men in Santa Clara Valley," one of
the very first published references to what we now know as the activities
of radio broadcasting to an audience of more than one. He operates a
wireless training schools, The Herrold College of Wireless and Engineering
in a building at the corner of First and San Fernando.
1910-1920 - EXPERIMENTATION
1. CHARLES HERROLD: Between 1912 and 1917 Herrold and his students
are broadcasting music and talk on a regular schedule to a growing San Jose
audience. College radio. He also broadcasts every day to receiving stations
at the Pan Pacific International Exhibition in 1915.
2. WORLD WAR ONE: April, 1917. All amateur wireless stations are
ordered shut down, silent, so that the Government can use radio for defense
purposes. The war is important to radio technically as the vacuum tube,
invented earlier by de Forest is improved for war communication, and all
other radio patents are pooled for defense reasons.
3. LEE DEFOREST: After the wartime ban on wireless ends in 1918 he
sets up a station in High Bridge NY, and broadcasts music, news, election
returns, etc to NYC, this time using his vacuum tube as a transmitter. The
Federal Radio Inspector shuts him down saying "there is no place on the
ether for entertainment." Most still believed that radio should be for
two-way communication, and there was general agreement that the Navy would
be in charge of all radio. De Forest comes to San Francisco and sets up
another station in 1919 and broadcasts daily.
4. FRANK CONRAD: Meanwhile, in Pittsburgh, PA a Westinghouse
Corporation engineer named Frank Conrad had been allowed by the government
to be on the air during the war to develop the de Forest vacuum tube into a
transmitter for the war effort. He uses a phonograph to test the audio; he
gets calls from a few experimenters who are, in defiance of government
order, illegally listening to his tests. He plays records to this
clandestine audience every Saturday Night.

1920-1930 - RADIO ARRIVES

1. LICENSED RADIO BROADCASTING: Conrad's company, Westinghouse,
asks him to go on the air on a regular basis to send out music and they'll
sell radios to pay for the service. They apply for a commercial radio
license and in November, 1920, KDKA goes on the air to broadcast the
election returns of the Harding-Cox presidential contest. Westinghouse
takes out ads in the newspaper advertising radios for sale to the home
consumer. This station receives the first official government license. The
dark years of war give way to peace and prosperity.
2. BROADCASTING'S DECADE: Within a few years there are hundreds of
stations entertaining thousands of people who buy or build their own
receivers, mostly crystal sets with earphones. Under a
government-sanctioned agreement, the Radio Corporation, RCA is formed to
manage the patents for the technology of the receiver and transmitter.
General Electric and Westinghouse are allowed to make receivers, Western
Electric is allowed to build transmitters and AT&T is allowed to engage in
"toll broadcasting" and "chain broadcasting."
3. TECHNOLOGY: The decade begins with people listening to home made
crystal sets with headphones, progresses to large battery-operated sets
with dozens of dials and a horn speaker to electric console radios designed
as fine furniture, single knob tuning and loudspeakers.
4. ADVERTISING: By 1923, WEAF in New York accepts the first "radio
ad." Because this station is owned by AT&T, it is the only station allowed
to engage in "toll broadcasting" under the RCA agreements. Other stations
are already advertising because no one can stop them. Many stations are
owned by businesses and their only reason for broadcasting is to sell
something.
5. NETWORKS: Having broken the AT&T monopoly on "chain
broadcasting" NBC and CBS are formed as the first radio networks by the
late 1920s.

6. REGULATION: The radio dial is filled with hundreds of
un-regulated transmitters, many interfering with each other to the point
where no one can get clear reception. The Federal Radio Commission is
formed and the Radio Act of 1927 is passed which re-assigns stations to
clearer frequencies, and for the first time makes radio stations operate in
the public interest, convenience and necessity. The decade ends with radio
as a fully formed industry. Amos and Andy is #1. The roaring 20s will give
way
to the great depression. A major social change is on the way.

References:http://www.californiahistoricalradio.com/100years.html retrieved
on March 2,2009

Thursday, March 5, 2009

Facts About the Decade

• 106,521,537 people in the United States
• 2,132,000 unemployed, Unemployment 5.2%
• Life expectancy: Male 53.6, Female 54.6
• 343.000 in military (down from 1,172,601 in 1919)
• Average annual earnings $1236; Teacher's salary $970
• Dow Jones High 100 Low 67
• Illiteracy rate reached a new low of 6% of the population.
• Gangland crime included murder, swindles, racketeering
• It took 13 days to reach California from New York There were 387,000miles of paved road.

History for 1920-1930:
Presidents of this era
1921-1923 Warren G. Harding
1923-1928 Calvin Coolidge
1928-1932 Herbert Hoover
Some historical events:
January 16, 1920-Volstead Act became effect -this was the period ofprohibition and intolerance
October 20, 1927-Henry Ford produced Model A
September and October of 1929-Graf Zeppelin completed the 1st round theworld flight
October 24, 1929-Black Thursday (The crash of the Stock Market)Depression began

References:http://kclibrary.lonestar.edu/decade20.html